Brain edema and increased intracranial pressure worsen prognosis in patients with endstage chronic cirrhosis. To retrospectively evaluate the performance of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient adc maps in distinguishing triplenegative breast cancer tnbc from other subtypes of breast cancer nontnbc, when combined with magnetic resonance imaging mri features. The purpose of this article is to assess retrospectively the usefulness of testicular volume, apparent diffusion coefficient adc, and normalized adc as measured using mri in predicting the histopathologic grade of azoospermia and in differentiating obstructive from nonobstructive azoospermia. There is evidence that increased tumor cellular density within diagnostic specimens of primary central nervous system lymphoma pcnsl may have significant prognostic implications. Diffusion weighted mri can rapidly detect acute cerebral ischemic injury as hyperintense signal changes, reflecting a decline in the apparent diffusion coefficient adc of water through brain parenchyma, whereas adc is elevated in the chronic stage because of increased extracellular water content. Application of apparent diffusion coefficient and exponent apparent diffusion coefficient values in magnetic resonance imaging diffusionweighted imaging to. Value of diffusion weighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient factor adc calculation in differentiation of solid breast lesions. Pdf correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient values. Recently, diffusion weighted imaging dwi magnetic resonance imaging mri tends to be. There is no biomarker, which is able to predict early therapeutic response to tkis application in patients with mrcc. Diffusion weighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient adc make clinically relevant information available about the presence, age, and location of lesions minutes after onset of ischemia that is not appreciated on conventional mri examinations or ct fig. To study the rules that apparent diffusion coefficient adc changes with time and space in cerebral infarction, and to provide the evidence in defining the infarction stages. Dwi signal contrast can be quantified by apparent diffusion coefficient maps and it acts as a tool for treatment response evaluation and.
The purpose of this article is to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient adc of fibrosis and regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver at mri, both in vivo and ex vivo. Accurate assessment of the renal masses, defining the histologic subtype and the grade of differentiation of the tumor, is vital to ensure an adequate case management as well as for staging and prognosis. Abstract background we evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient adc of diffusion. It has been reported that diffusion weighted imaging dwi with ultrahigh bvalue increases the diagnostic power of prostate cancer. When used in conjunction with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, diffusionweighted imaging provides information about the functional environment of water. In the human brain, water diffusion is a threedimensional process that is not truly random because the diffusional motion of water is impeded by natural barriers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the apparent diffusion coefficient adc and diffusionweighted imaging in differentiating.
Pdf mri with diffusionweighted imaging dwi and apparent. The role of apparent diffusion coefficient values in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions in diffusion weighted mri. Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient map of. Mar 17, 2015 the purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hpv status and apparent diffusion coefficient. Synthetic apparent diffusion coefficient for high bvalue. Apparent diffusion coefficient adc is a measure of the magnitude of diffusion of water molecules within tissue, and is commonly clinically calculated using mri with diffusion weighted imaging dwi 1. Systemic treatment of the metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, the diagnostic value of dwi with quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient adc has been controversial. Most nasopharyngeal masses in cats are lymphomas or polyps.
It is considered useful not only for the detection of acute ischemic. Fluids, gels, and homogenous materials can be characterized by a single diffusion coefficient, d, representing the flux of water or small particles via brownian motion across a surface during a period of time. However, little work has been done to evaluate the diffusion characteristics of toxoplasmosis lesions. Diffusion weighted imaging dwi is widely appreciated as an indispensable tool in the examination of the cns. Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging dwmri is increasingly being investi. Usefulness of diffusionweighted imaging and the apparent diffusion. The cervical discs from c2c3 to c6c7 were graded according to the. Furthermore, an apparent diffusion coefficient adc of water can be calculated from the dw mri images, which. To use diffusionweighted imaging dwi to quantify water apparent diffusion coefficient.
A comparison of manual and semiautomatic segmentation methods. Significant differences between male and female volunteers are denoted by asterisks. Mean pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated by delineation of total tumor volume on diffusion. The use of mri apparent diffusion coefficient adc in. Whether lowered apparent diffusion coefficient adc values were present in the ischemic penumbra of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke and were specific to regions of the penumbra that proceeded to infarction was investigated. Time course of the apparent diffusion coefficient adc. Pdf value of diffusion weighted imaging dwi and apparent. Diffusion weighted imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, tumor. Apparent diffusion coefficient radiology reference. Apparent diffusion coefficient adc from diffusionweighted imaging dwi has gained wide attention as potential tool for differentiating between malignant and. Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password.
Apparent diffusion coefficient radiology reference article. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient adc obtained through diffusionweighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging at 3 t can be used as an imaging biomarker to differentiate invasive breast cancer from noninvasive ductal carcinoma in. This method assesses the diffusion of water within biologic tissue, which is quantified by measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient adc 810. Predictive role of apparent diffusion coefficient adc from diffusion weighted mri in patients with sacral chordoma treated with carbon ion radiotherapy cirt alone. Because cellular density may influence measurements of apparent diffusion coefficient adc by using diffusionweighted mr imaging dwi, we hypothesized that adc measured. One noninvasive method to evaluate liver fibrosis is diffusion weighted mri.
Furthermore, an apparent diffusion coefficient adc of water can be calculated from the dwmri images, which. Diffusionweighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient adc make clinically relevant information available about the presence, age, and location of lesions minutes after onset of ischemia that is not appreciated on conventional mri examinations or ct fig. Apparent diffusion coefficient values and nonhomogeneity. Marconi dg, fregnani jh, rossini rr, netto ak, lucchesi fr, tsunoda at, et al. In comparison, diffusionweighted imaging dwi and its derived measurements, including the apparent diffusion coefficient adc, allow for improved characterization of the biological properties of tissues, and this technique has therefore been recognized for its superior oncology applications. Until now, several investigators have explored the value of diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging dwi for the preoperative tumor grading of endometrial cancer. Diffusion in anisotropic media is better described by the. Jan 06, 2011 to study the rules that apparent diffusion coefficient adc changes with time and space in cerebral infarction, and to provide the evidence in defining the infarction stages. To use diffusionweighted imaging dwi to quantify water apparent diffusion coefficient adc in different brain regions of patients with chronic liver failure with or without hepatic encephalopathy. Dwi imaging with higher bvalues is challenging as it commonly suffers from low signal to noise ratio snr, distortion and longer scan time. For instance, several studies have assessed the importance of dwiderived apparent diffusion coefficient adc in characterization of prostate cancer aggressiveness 14.
Diffusionweighted mri in solitary pulmonary lesions. To our knowledge, there is no report of mri findings, including diffusion weighted imaging dwi or apparent diffusion coefficient adc values, of nasopharyngeal lymphomas and nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. Usefulness of testicular volume, apparent diffusion. Adc a diffusion coefficient to differentiate t2 shine through effects or artifacts from real ischemic lesions. This study was designed to explore further the utility of diffusionweighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient adc maps and values in making the. Diffusionweighted imaging dwi is widely appreciated as an indispensable tool in the examination of the cns. Pretreatment mri minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value is a potential prognostic imaging biomarker in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation daniel grossi marconi 1 jose humberto tavares guerreiro fregnani 2.
Until now, several investigators have explored the value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging dwi for the preoperative tumor grading of endometrial cancer. Using the apparent diffusion coefficient to identifying. Pdf the role of apparent diffusion coefficient values in. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurement by diffusion. A novel diagnostic method using the standard deviation sd value of apparent diffusion coefficient adc by diffusionweighted dwi magnetic resonance imaging mri is applied for differential diagnosis of primary chest cancers, metastatic tumors and benign tumors. Dwi and routine mri examinations were performed to their cervical spines. Axial fluidattenuated inversion recovery flair a contrast t1weighted, b diffusionweighted imaging, c and adc,d images at first postbevacizumab scan and corresponding images at second postbevacizumab scan eh. Analytical and numerical study of the apparent diffusion. Pdf to investigate apparent diffusion coefficient adc mapping with the measurement of renal tissue adc value of normal and pathological.
Predictive role of apparent diffusion coefficient adc. What is the difference between the diffusion coefficient d and the apparent diffusion coefficient adc. Mri with diffusionweighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient adc assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys. To determine the clinical value of apparent diffusion coefficient adc measurement by diffusion. Objective to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient adc in lymph node metastases of nonsmall cell lung cancer nsclc patients with standardized uptake values suv derived from combined 18ffluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomographymagnetic resonance imaging 18ffdg petmri. Kidney cortical interstitial fibrosis if is highly predictive of renal prognosis and is currently assessed by the evaluation of a biopsy. Apparent diffusion coefficient of human brain tumors at mr imaging.
Mri apparent diffusion coefficient in reperfused acute. Mri with diffusion weighted imaging dwi and apparent diffusion coefficient adc assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys. When used in conjunction with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, diffusion weighted imaging provides information about the functional environment of water. Estimation of optimal bvalue sets for obtaining apparent diffusion.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient adc obtained through diffusionweighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging at 3 t can be used as an imaging biomarker to differentiate invasive breast cancer from noninvasive ductal carcinoma in situ dcis. Fumiyuki yamasaki, kaoru kurisu, kenichi satoh, kazunori arita, kazuhiko sugiyama, megu ohtaki, junko takaba, atushi tominaga, ryosuke hanaya, hiroyuki yoshioka, seiji hama, yoko ito, yoshinori kajiwara, kaita yahara, taiichi saito, muhamad a. Validation of the corticomedullary difference in magnetic. Apparent diffusion coefficients for differentiation of. To establish repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficients adcs acquired from freebreathing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging dw mri in malignant lung lesions and investigate effects of lesion size, location and respiratory motion. Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient map. Pdf application of apparent diffusion coefficient and exponent. Diffusion mr imaging is a technique in which dedicated phasedefocusing and refocusing gradients allow evaluation of microscopic water diffusion within tissues, where calculated apparent diffusion coefficient adc maps represent an absolute measure of average diffusion for each voxel. Agreement and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements of dualbvalue and multibvalue diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging at 1. In this prospective study, 243 study participants mean age standard deviation, 43. Apparent diffusion coefficient an overview sciencedirect.
Apparent diffusion coefficient as an imaging biomarker for. Apparent diffusion coefficient of normal abdominal organs and. The goal of our study was to investigate the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient adc of diffusionweighted imaging dwi of mri in prediction of early therapeutic response to st with pazopanib in patients with mrcc. Apparent diffusion coefficient how is apparent diffusion. Diagnosed chest lesion on diffusionweighted magnetic. Imaging parameter effects in apparent diffusion coefficient. Added value of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion.
Diffusion tensor fluids, gels, and homogenous materials can be characterized by a single diffusion coefficient, d, representing the flux of water or small particles via brownian motion across a surface during a period of time. Magnetic resonance imaging mri with diffusionweighted imaging. Nov 16, 2016 renal cell carcinoma rcc represents the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney. Apparent diffusion coefficient of diffusionweighted. Increased apparent diffusion coefficients on mri linked with matrix metalloproteinases and edema in white matter after bilateral carotid artery occlusion in rats. In tissues, such as brain gray matter, where the measured apparent diffusivity is largely independent of the orientation of the tissue i. Association between patient characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficients of normal breast fibroglandular tissue at 3 t elizabeth s. Pseudoglandular formation in hepatocellular carcinoma. I personally dont use exponential images routinely except for brain mri in neonates and young infants where i find it helpful because of the intrinsically high water content and t2 signal in this age group. Multiparametric stroke imaging combining diffusion dwi and perfusionweighted mri pwi, mr angiography mra, and conventional mr sequences is increasingly used as the primary diagnostic imaging modality in major stroke centers. Correlation of human papillomavirus status with apparent. Diffusion mri measurements in challenging head and brain.
In comparison, diffusion weighted imaging dwi and its derived measurements, including the apparent diffusion coefficient adc, allow for improved characterization of the biological properties of tissues, and this technique has therefore been recognized for its superior oncology applications. Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging in cancer. Diffusion weighted mr and apparent diffusion coefficient mea. However, the diagnostic value of dwi with quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient adc has. Currently requires manual intervention to specify tract. Increased apparent diffusion coefficients on mri linked with matrix metalloproteinases and. The automatic generation of exponential diffusion images is now possible on many brands of scanners. Pretreatment mri minimum apparent diffusion coefficient. Representative lowapparent diffusion coefficient adc lesion. The value of apparent diffusion coefficient maps in early. Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient values measured by diffusion mri and mgmt promoter methylation semiquantitatively analyzed with msmlpa in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Diagnostic value of diffusionweighted imaging and apparent. Apparent diffusion coefficient as a potential noninvasive marker of tumor aggressiveness. Whole lesion histogram analysis of apparent diffusion. To investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient adc value and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration in adult symptomatic patients. When water molecular diffusion is limited by cytotoxic damage from inflammation, wound, or neoplasm, the signal of dw mri presents high or bright. Diffusion mri also has been used for cancer detection and treatment monitoring, as diffusion seems to be linked to tumor cellularity 4, 5, 6. Adc in different brain regions of patients with chronic liver. Pretreatment mri minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value is a potential prognostic imaging biomarker in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient adc.
Diffusion mri shows increased water apparent diffusion. To use diffusion weighted imaging dwi to quantify water apparent diffusion coefficient adc in different brain regions of patients with chronic liver failure with or without hepatic encephalopathy. Mri findings, including diffusionweighted imaging and. Although an apparent diffusion coefficient adc value is often used for. Original article role of diffusionweighted magnetic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hpv status and apparent diffusion coefficient. The full text of this article is available in pdf format. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical role of apparent diffusion coeffici. Serial study of such mr parameters as diffusionweighted imaging dwi, apparent diffusion coefficient adc, adc with fluidattenuated inversion recovery adcflair, and t2weighted imaging may provide information on the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke. Apparent diffusion coefficient adc is a measure of the magnitude of diffusion of water molecules within tissue, and is commonly clinically calculated using mri with diffusionweighted imaging dwi 1. When water molecular diffusion is limited by cytotoxic damage from inflammation, wound, or neoplasm, the signal of dwmri presents high or bright. Analysis of the utility of diffusionweighted mri and.
A total of 52 symptomatic and 40 healthy volunteers were included. Mri in psychiatry 77 10100797836425454295 2014 abbreviations ad axial diffusivity adc apparent diffusion coefficient adhd attention deficit hyperactivity disorder bet brain extraction tool csf cerebrospinal fluid dki diffusion kurtosis imaging dti diffusion tensor imaging dwi diffusionweighted imaging fa fractional anisotropy. Apparent diffusion coefficient of human brain tumors at mr. Diffusionweighted mri can rapidly detect acute cerebral ischemic injury as hyperintense signal changes, reflecting a decline in the apparent diffusion coefficient adc of water through brain parenchyma, whereas adc is elevated in the chronic stage because of increased extracellular water content. The values that have been received from apparent diffusion coefficient adc maps of diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging dwmri might play a vital role in. The aim of our study was to develop a technique for quantification of apparent diffusion coefficient adc for.
A prospective ex vivo and in vivo study was performed at a tertiary liver center. Our goals were to establish the natural evolution of mr signal intensity. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging mri is a promising tool to evaluate kidney fibrosis via the apparent diffusion coefficient adc, but suffers from interindividual variability. Methods we enrolled 26 patients who had undergone hepatic resections for mass. We evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient adc of diffusion. Diffusionweighted mr imaging derived apparent diffusion. Prognostic prediction of apparent diffusion coefficient. We investigated whether this was due to variations in the method used to analyse adc. An apparent diffusion coefficient adc image, or an adc map, is an mri image that more specifically shows diffusion than conventional dwi, by eliminating the t2 weighting that is otherwise inherent to conventional dwi. Largevolume low apparent diffusion coefficient lesions. Predictors of apparent diffusion coefficient normalization in. In the past few years, the use of diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging dwimri for disease detection and characterization has increased substantially. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurement by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in differentiating renal tumors jinghong liu1, shifeng tian1,yeju1,yeli2, anliang chen2, lihua chen2 and ailian liu1 abstract background.
Diffusionweighted images are raw images where the signal has been sensitized to diffusion by using strong magnetic field gradient pulses fast diffusion results in large signal attenuation. Adc imaging does so by acquiring multiple conventional dwi images with different amounts of dwi weighting, and the change in signal is proportional to the rate of diffusion. To characterize the diffusion properties of cirrhotic liver, 63 human. Diffusionweighted imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, tumor. A new phantom using polyethylene glycol as an apparent diffusion. To our knowledge, there is no report of mri findings, including diffusionweighted imaging dwi or apparent diffusion coefficient adc values, of nasopharyngeal lymphomas and nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. Principles and applications of diffusionweighted imaging in cancer. Pdf diffusion mri dmri is widely used by clinicians and radiologists to diagnose neurological disorders, in particular stroke. Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient adc with. It will be of great help to detect this subtype of tumor early. These barriers are cell membranes, myelin sheaths, white matter fiber tracts, and protein molecules.
1294 325 534 136 359 921 469 476 804 834 1425 1198 1432 762 62 329 524 1131 10 311 53 884 145 321 962 409 329 547 609 400 248 811 880 969 139 52 93 354 430 172 461 361 1295 566 409 291 964